Expansion of Genes Encoding piRNA-Associated Argonaute Proteins in the Pea Aphid: Diversification of Expression Profiles in Different Plastic Morphs
CDBRM Research Highlight 2011 Dec 12 Expansion of Genes Encoding piRNA-Associated Argonaute Proteins in the Pea Aphid: Diversification of Expression Profiles in Different Plastic Morphs Hsiao-ling Lu1,5, Sylvie Tanguy2, Claude Rispe2, Jean-Pierre Gauthier2, Tom Walsh3, Karl Gordon3, Owain Edwards4, Denis Tagu2, Chun-che Chang1,5,6*, Ste´phanie Jaubert-Possamai2* 1 Department of Entomology/Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 2 UMR (Unite´ Mixte deRecherche) 1099 BiO3P (Biologie des Organismes et des Population applique´e a` la Protection des Plantes) INRA (Institut National de la Rechercher Agronomique) –Agrocampus – Universite´ Rennes1, Le Rheu, France, 3 CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, Australia, 4 CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Wembley, Australia, 5 Research Centre for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 6 Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan PLoS ONE ABSTRACT Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are known to regulate transposon activity in germ cells of several animal models that propagate sexually. However, the role of piRNAs during asexual reproduction remains almost unknown. Aphids that can alternate sexual and asexual reproduction cycles in response to seasonal changes of photoperiod provide a unique opportunity to study piRNAs and the piRNA pathway in both reproductive modes. Taking advantage of the recently sequenced genome of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, we found an unusually large lineage-specific expansion of genes encoding the Piwi sub-clade of Argonaute proteins. In situ hybridisation showed differential expressions between the duplicated piwi copies: while Api-piwi2 and Api-piwi6 are ‘‘specialised’’ in germ cells their most closely related copy, respectively Api-piwi5 and Api-piwi3, are expressed in the somatic cells. The differential expression was also identified in duplicated ago3: Api-ago3a in germ cells and Api-ago3b in somatic cells. Moreover, analyses of expression profiles of the expanded piwi and ago3 genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that expressions varied according to the reproductive types. These specific expression patterns suggest that expanded aphid piwi and ago3 genes have distinct roles in asexual and sexual reproduction. Citation: Lu H-l, Tanguy S, Rispe C, Gauthier J-P, Walsh T, et al. (2011) Expansion of Genes Encoding piRNA-Associated Argonaute Proteins in the Pea Aphid: Diversification of Expression Profiles in Different Plastic Morphs. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28051. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028051 Editor: Guy Smagghe, Ghent University, Belgium Received July 4, 2011; Accepted October 31, 2011; Published December 5, 2011 Copyright: _ 2011 Lu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Council (97-2313-B-002-035-MY3, web site: http://web1.nsc.gov.tw/mp.aspx?mp = 7) and the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine (BAPHIQ) of the Agricultural Council (97-1.1.1-B1(6); 98-1.1.1-B1(2); 100 -9.2.1- B1(6)), web site: http://www. baphiq.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp = 2). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] (C-CC); [email protected] (SJ-P) 聯絡人:劉麗芳 發育生物學與再生醫學研究中心 Research Center of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Tel：02-23123456轉71632 E-mail：[email protected] 100台北市中山南路8號 兒童醫療大樓 16樓 P16022室 ================================================================
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B4GALNT3 expression predicts a favorable prognosis and suppresses cell migration and invasion via β1-integrin signaling in neuroblastoma
CDBRM Research Highlight B4GALNT3 expression predicts a favorable prognosis and suppresses cell migration and invasion via β1-integrin signaling in neuroblastoma Wen-Ming Hsu1,8,10, Mei-Ieng Che2,8,10, Yung-Feng Liao3, Hsiu-Hao Chang4, Chia-Hua Chen2,8, Yu-Ming Huang2, Yung-Ming Jeng 5, John Huang1, Michael J. Quon6, Hsinyu Lee7,8 Hsiu-Chin Huang9, Min-Chuan Huang2,8,* Departments of 1Surgery, 4Pediatrics, and 5Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; 6Diabetes Unit, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 7Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University; 8Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 9Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, Miaoli, Taiwan 10equal contribution *correspondence to Dr. Min-Chuan Huang. [email protected] American Journal of Pathology, in press. ABSTRACT β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase III (B4GALNT3) promotes formation of GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc or LDN). Drosophila β1,4-N-acetylgalactos- aminyltransferase A (B4GALNTA) contributes to synthesis of LDN that helps regulate neuronal development. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of B4GALNT 3 in human neuroblastoma (NB). We examined 87 NB tumors by immunohistochemistry to determine correlations between B4GALNT3 expression and clinicopathologic factors including patient survival. Effects of recombinant B4GALNT3 on cell behavior and signaling were studied in SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y NB cells. We found that increased expression of B4GALNT 3 in NB tumors correlated with a favorable histology (P < 0.001, χ2 test) and early clinical stage (P = 0.041, χ2 test). B4GALNT3 expression was an independent favorable prognostic factor for survival by both univariate and multivariate analyses. Reexpression of B4GALNT 3 in SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y cells suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, B4GALNT3 increased LacdiNAc in β1 integrin leading to decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, paxillin, Akt and ERK1/2. Effects of B4GALNT3 to suppress cell migration and invasion were substantially reversed by concomitant expression of constitutively active Akt or MEK. We conclude that B4GALNT3 predicts a favorable prognosis for NB and that B4GALNT3 suppresses the malignant phenotype via decreasing β1 integrin signaling. Min-Chuan Huang (黃敏銓), PhD (Dr. rer nat) Associate Professor Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology National Taiwan University College of Medicine 6F, No.1, Jen Ai Rd., Sec. 1,Taipei,100,Taiwan Tel:+886-2-23123456 ext. 88177 Fax:+886-2-23915292 http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~mchuang 聯絡人:劉麗芳 發育生物學與再生醫學研究中心 Research Center of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Tel：02-23123456轉71632 E-mail：[email protected] 100台北市中山南路8號 兒童醫療大樓 16樓 P16022室 ================================================================